Tools for thinking applied to nature: an inclusive pedagogical framework for environmental education

摘要: An effective educational framework is necessary to develop the engagement of children and adults with nature. Here we show how tools for thinking can be applied this end. The comprise 13 sensory-based cognitive skills that form basis formalized expressions knowledge understanding in sciences arts. These are explicitly taught some curricula. We review evidence specific self-reported processes influential childhood experiences prominent biologists, conservationists naturalists. Tools such as imaging, abstracting, pattern recognition, dimensional thinking, empathizing, modelling synthesizing play key roles practical ecology, biogeography animal behaviour studies environmental education. Ethnographic shows people engage nature by using many same thinking. conservation education programmes at all levels actively emphasizing role developing understanding, them design initiatives assess existing