2 Fundamental considerations

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter provides a thermodynamic toolbox and contains most of the important basic relations that are used in other chapters. The scope is restricted almost exclusively to second law thermodynamics its consequence, but treatment still intended be exemplary rather than definitive. New results not presented as befits discussion fundamentals necessarily invariant with time. Almost all definitions molar properties for mixtures lack an unambiguous definition sense they can related directly measurable properties. Therefore, it common practice compare actual mixture property corresponding value obtained from arbitrary model, instance, equation state. approach leads introduction deviation functions. calculation functions requires choice appropriate model. If model system chosen ideal gas mixture, which obvious fluid mixtures, then called residual