Hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus infection in South America.

摘要: About 100,000 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occur annually in South America. The overall prevalence HBV low risk populations ranges from 6.7% to 41%, while surface antigen (HBsAg) rates range 0.4% 13%. In high endemicity aboriginal or rural populations, perinatal transmission may play a major part the spread HBV. urban however, horizontal transmission, probably by sexual contact, is predominant mode spread, with higher positivity lower socioeconomic groups. High such as health care workers and haemodialysis patients show than comparable elsewhere. posttransfusion remains some areas. Concomitant accelerate chronic liver disease seen decompensated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. north, delta (HDV) ranks among highest world. south, problem appears negligible although it increasing within communities. HDV superinfection has been cause large outbreaks fulminant hepatitis. cost comprehensive mass vaccination programmes unaffordable for most American countries. Less expensive alternatives dose intradermal schedules immunisation have used success selected adult subjects.