Livestock damage and wolf presence

摘要: Depredation on livestock and wolf pack Canis lupus distribution was investigated in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, from 1998 to 2001. Although uniformly distributed, damage level were focused mountainous area inhabited by packs hence there huge differences between areas with without wolves. In whole a few farms persistently affected predation (6%), they reported 38% total attacks 37% losses. Surplus killing phenomena involved only sheep goat farms, affecting 18% total. Thirty-five (14% attacks) 536 kills (44% killed Arezzo). During period 1998–2001, compensation costs averaged 86 863 Euros (range: 68 805–99 318 Euros). same period, no farmer requested prevention funding Tuscan region. study population stable: distributed 47% (1504 km2), density estimated at 2.9±0.7 wolves 100 km−2.