3D-printed cranial models simulating operative field depth for microvascular training in neurosurgery.

摘要: Background The skills required for neurosurgical operations using microsurgical techniques in a deep operating field are difficult to master the room without risk patients. Although there many training models, most do not use skull model simulate field. To solve this problem, 3D models were created provide increased laboratory before room, improving patient safety. Methods A patient's head was scanned computed tomography. data reconstructed and converted into standard printing file. printed with several openings common surgical approaches. These then used create while practicing on chicken thigh (femoral artery anastomosis) rat (abdominal aortic anastomosis). Results advantages of clearly demonstrated by our trainees, including appropriate hand position skull, becoming comfortable depth anastomosis, simulating proper angle rigid fixation. One limitation is absence intracranial structures, which being explored future work. Conclusion This can improve microsurgery recapitulating real Improved lead accuracy efficiency procedures, thereby minimizing