Towards in vitro molecular diagnostics using nanostructures

摘要: Nanostructures appear to be promising for a number of applications in molecular diagnostics, mainly due the increased surface-to-volume ratio they can offer, very low limit detection achievable, and possibility fabricate point-of-care diagnostic devices. In this paper, we review examples use nanostructures as tools that bring marked improvements over prevalent classical assays. The focus is laid on various sensing paradigms possess potential or have demonstrated capability replace augment current analytical strategies. We start with brief introduction types their physical properties determine transduction principle. This followed by concise collection functionalization protocols used immobilize biomolecules nanostructure surface. are discussed two contexts: acting label detection, support upon which recognition events take place. order successful field it important nanoanalytical evaluated appropriate biological environment. final section compiles such examples, where nanostructure-based been tested realistic samples serum, demonstrating power even presence complex matrix effects. ability nanodiagnostic detect ultralow concentrations one more analytes coupled portability sample volumes expected broad impact diagnostics.