23. Method development for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental matrices

摘要: Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some of their derivatives represent a class important environmental pollutants possessing high mutagenic carcinogenic potential as proven by in vitro experiments with various animal species using different modes application tissue homogenates, cells culture subcellular fractions well [1,2]. PAHs are ubiquitous the environment, although concentrations vary within wide range matrices that relevant to man. They originate mainly from two sources. First, they formed natural side products during coalification biomass fossil fuels such peat, lignite, crude oil hard coal. During this process preformed structures converted into polycyclic compounds series condensation, water elimination dehydrogenation reactions [aromatization process]. Prominent examples for (a) formation perylene fungal insect pigments an early occurring PAH peat [3]; (b) retene (1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene) abietic acid pine-tree resins found soils lignite [4,5]; (c) chrysene picene plant triterpenes sediments [6]. Apart this, continuously incomplete combustion processes anthropogenic products. Main sources emission domestic coal heating, coke production, open fires refuse burnings, forest after-crop burning, but also vehicle exhaust combustion. By these contaminate environment e.g. air, soil which may enter vegetables other foodstuffs. Accordingly, widely distributed throughout environment. It has been demonstrated balancing biological effect emissions permanently pollute (such exhaust, combustion, used motor oil) main contributors compared classes present [7–12]. More recent investigations have presented data on ecotoxicity [for review see ref. 13]. Due distribution potential, require continuous analytical monitoring. As further consequence, countries national recommendations regulations set limits exposure benzo[a]pyrene typical representative PAHs. There presently well-justified tendencies include individual assessment is practice polychlorinated furans dioxins already. recently, interest toxicologists focused heterocyclic since potent carcinogens among thiaarenes (sulfur-containing compounds) [14] azaarenes (nitrogen-containing [15]. On hand, amines be bladder nitro-PAHs occur considerable possess activities [16]. not themselves enzymatical activation display [mutagenic and/or carcinogenic] effects. Cytochrom P450- dependent monooxygenases hydrases responsible converting phenols (via epoxides) trans-dihydrodiols. The latter ones considered function proximate activated trans-dihydrodiol epoxides -the ultimate determination metabolites essential monitoring risk people occupationally exposed