Between humanitarian assistance and migration management: on civil actors’ role in voluntary return from Belgium

摘要: ABSTRACTWhilst European governments have increasingly externalised restrictive migration policies to civil actors, the latter’s main interests lie in improving or defending immigrants’ well-being. This raises crucial question as how actors deal with puzzling position they find themselves in: what extent do execute transform their funders’ policy objectives? And which mechanisms enable them so? article contributes answering these questions by detailing historical shifts roles played Assisted Voluntary Return programme Belgium. Most importantly, argues that considerable autonomy achieved resulted two seemingly opposite effects. On one hand, developed a wealth of expertise ensuring quality return, thereby transforming national government’s goals managing into humanitarian ones. other recent developments paradoxically became ins...