The Changing Boundary between the State and Higher Education

摘要: The relationship between the university and state is one of crucial importance abiding interest, not least to those in universities. It is, course, by no means a new preoccupation. As early as 1798, philosopher Kant sought provide suitable model balance, on hand, necessary independence from bureaucratic intervention that constitutes sine qua non scholarship, other, requirement have some measure control over professions an American political scientist, David Easton, has termed "value-allocating bodies society"-in effect, law, theology medicine [1]. These three professions, argued, were legitimate area for regulation, since they affected its well-being influenced thinking citizens. Philosophy, contrast, did fall into this category. Concerned with pursuit scholarship truth, only was it free judge teaching other faculties, but because Man nature thus under any constraint pursuit, regulation such inappropriate [2]. In short, Kantian which based fundamental dualism, expressed so much field learning distinction areas where might intervene not. counterpoint provided Humboltian concept university. theory, distinguish intervention, rather develop totality non-intervention form freedom research. many writers pointed out, ideal easily adjust growing requirements professional training business administration emerged course 19th century. establishment research organisations, generally supervision century Prussia, organisations usually outside or periphery [3], fact, gave rise situation nearer suggested than incorporated days University Berlin. development schools institutes Germany, growth similar Grandes Ecoles France, underlined fact notional possible at price setting up either parallel sector, legally distinct university, series affiliated attached it, regard seen reasonable.