Toward a general evolutionary theory of oncogenesis

摘要: We propose an evolutionary framework, the barrier theory of cancer, which is based on distinction between barriers to oncogenesis and restraints. Barriers are defined as mechanisms that prevent oncogenesis. Restraints, more numerous, inhibit but do not Processes compromise essential causes cancer; those interfere with restraints exacerbating causes. The built upon three processes involved in oncogenesis: natural selection acting multicellular organisms mold restraints, infectious abrogate these protective mechanisms, oncogenic responsible for evolution normal cells into cancerous cells. presented a first step toward development general cancer. Its attributes implications intervention compared other major conceptual frameworks understanding cancer: clonal diversification model, stem cell hallmarks emphasizes practical value distinguishing It also stresses importance determining scope causation because individual pathogens can be multiple infected