Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in human, livestock, and snail populations in northern Senegal: a One Health epidemiological study of a multi-host system.

摘要: Summary Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of global medical and veterinary importance. As efforts to eliminate schistosomiasis as public health problem interrupt transmission gather momentum, the potential zoonotic risk posed by livestock Schistosoma species via viable hybridisation in sub-Saharan Africa have been largely overlooked. We aimed investigate prevalence, distribution, multi-host, multiparasite cycle Haematobium group Senegal, West Africa. Methods In this epidemiological study, we carried out systematic surveys definitive hosts (humans, cattle, sheep, goats) snail intermediate hosts, 2016–18, two areas Northern Senegal: Richard Toll Lac de Guiers, where perennial; Barkedji Linguere, seasonal. The occurrence distribution hybrids were assessed molecular analyses parasitological specimens obtained from different hosts. Children study villages aged 5–17 years enrolled school selected registers. Adults (aged 18–78 years) self-selecting volunteers. Livestock both also randomly sampled, post-mortem samples local abattoirs. Additionally, five malacological at each site open water sources used communities their animals. Findings May August, 2016, surveyed 375 children 20 adults 201 107 Linguere; October, 2017, January, 2018, 386 88 323 85 Linguere. Guiers prevalence urogenital was estimated be 87% (95% CI 80–95) 2016 88% (82–95) 2017–18. An 63% (in 2016) 72% 2017–18) infected shedding haematobium–Schistosoma bovis hybrids. 79% (52–97) 41% (30–54) 2017–18, with containing S haematobium–S Linguere 30% (23–38) 42% (35–49) proportion found hybrid miracidia much lower than (11% 9% 2017–18). 26% (17–36) 47% (34–60) 10% sympatric cattle population 92% (80–99), sheep (estimated 14% [5–31]) goats (15% [5–33]). main schistosome curassoni, an 73% (48–93) 84% (61–98) 8% (2–24) cattle. not livestock. 35% Bulinus spp (68% haematobium; 17% bovis); however, no snails haematobium (29% 71% curassoni). Interpretation Our findings suggest that originate humans spillover populations, co-endemic. Introgressive hybridisation, evolving host ranges, wider ecosystem contexts could affect dynamics other pathogens, demonstrating need consider control measures within One Health framework. Funding Zoonoses Emerging Systems programme (UK Biotechnology Biological Sciences Research Council, UK Department for International Development, Economic Social Medical Natural Environment Defence Science Technology Laboratory).