Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction

摘要: At least two arguments suggest that the orbits of a large fraction binary stars and extrasolar planets shrank by 1-2 orders magnitude after formation: (1) physical radius star shrinks factor from birth to main sequence, yet many main-sequence have companions orbiting only few stellar radii away, (2) in current theories planet formation, region within ~0.1 AU protostar is too hot rarefied for Jupiter-mass form, Jupiters are observed at such distances. We investigate orbital shrinkage combined effects secular perturbations distant companion (Kozai oscillations) tidal friction. integrate relevant equations motion predict distribution elements produced this process. Binary with periods 0.1-10 days, median ~2 binaries much longer (10 ~105 days), consistent observations indicating most or all short-period (tertiaries). also make new testable predictions: For between 3 10 mutual inclination inner tertiary orbit should peak strongly near 40? 140?. Extrasolar whose host may undergo process, which case resulting Jupiter will typically be misaligned equator its star.