Examining the use of tramadol hydrochloride as an antidepressant.

摘要: Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) is a centrally acting synthetic opioid with analgesic efficacy comparable to codeine. Antinociception attributed low but effective affinity for the mu-opioid receptor (μ), as well reuptake inhibition of monoamines norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT). Dual action antidepressants mirtazapine (Remeron), duloxetine (Cymbalta), most notably venlafaxine (Effexor), which tramadol closely related in structure, also inhibit NE 5HT reuptake. These medications are proven this shared monoaminergic resulted research potential treatment depression. The present article intends substantiate use manner by analyzing several decades presented an illustration neuronal theories, lab work case studies both supporting ideas hazards. Finally, promotes benefits acute comparison modern documentation abuse rates while maintaining object view risks, notably, risk addiction from agonist on μ-receptors.