Inequality of Opportunity in Japan: A behavioral genetic approach

摘要: This study examined the extent to which inequality of opportunity exists in Japan, using a classical twin design. Participants were 1,006 working, male twins (738 identical and 268 fraternal twins; age 20–60) recruited via web-based survey. responded questions academic achievement at ninth grade, years education, annual income. Univariate genetic analyses revealed that individual differences each three variables are substantially influenced by following factors: (27%–35%), family environment (34%–47%), individual-specific (26%–30%). Gene-environment interaction environmental etiologies education income differ across age/cohort; for influences weaker stronger older age/cohort, whereas income, former is latter age/cohort. Finally, multivariate factors unrelated with exert strong on part, education. These results suggest among Japanese males even when controlled for. paper discusses need future research opportunity, genetically informative