Carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke

摘要: Both epidemiological and experimental studies provide evidence of the dose-effect relationship between number cigarettes smoked lung cancer risk, exposure to tar or tobacco smoke skin cancers squamous cell carcinoma trachea lung. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) volatile N-nitrosamines, also specific N-nitrosamines are considered be major carcinogens in smoke. To exert carcinogenic effect these compounds require previous metabolic activation by biotransformation enzymes. Individual susceptibility chemical is genotype phenotype dependent. Machine-measured yields tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, benzo[a]pyrene N-nitrosonornicotine cigarette significantly lower than actual intake smokers. The following features have significant influence on composition, risk other disease risks relative smoking: type its modifications nitrate content tobacco. Tobacco additives, including ammonia releasing substances, do not contribute composition toxicity. Filters, paper porosity, length circumference as well cuts per inch (whether it coarse-cut fine-cut tobacco) primary significance for health risk.