Modulation of estrogen causes disruption of craniofacial chondrogenesis in Danio rerio.

摘要: Abstract Estrogen is a steroid hormone that ubiquitous in vertebrates, but its role cartilage formation has not been extensively studied. Abnormalities of craniofacial and bone account for large portion birth defects the United States. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have used as models human disease, their transparency embryonic period affords additional advantages studying development. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 17-β estradiol (E2) or an aromatase inhibitor observed cartilage. Concentrations E2 greater than 2 μM caused major disruptions formation. below subtle changed morphology only revealed by measurement. The angles formed elements fish 1.5 increasingly wide, while length primary anterior–posterior element these decreased significantly from controls. These treatments resulted shorter, flatter faces estrogen concentration increased. Inhibition activity also similar disruption indicating careful control signaling required appropriate Further investigation phenomena described study could lead to better understanding etiology endocrine