Nordic mountain birch ecosystems.

摘要: Preface. Contributors. Establishment and development of the Nordic NSSE group. The Holocene history mountain birch belt. Vegetation sections in northern Fennoscandian forests. Mountain taxonomy floristics woodlands. establishment an arboretum Greenland. Distribution characteristics woodlands north Iceland. Ecology some epiphytic lichens on birch. Effects by fertilization watering morphology young plants different provenances - a pilot study. Coppicing growth various relation to nutrients water. Carbon economy birch-dominated ecosystem species Fennoscandia. Biomass proportion, production leaf nitrogen distribution polycormic stand (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) Sweden. Biomass, turnover nutrient use subarctic trees. Variation patterns among provenances, ecotypes individuals Inorganic content plant Performance its treeline Tornetrask area, Temporal variation efficiency photosystem ii Pubescens pubescens) during growing season Studies apical cessation dwarf nana L.) from Spitsbergen Norway. Insect herbivores herbivory effects dynamics. Impact forest past future outbreaks two geometrid insects. Using remote sensing detect caterpillar forests new approach. Birds dynamics strategies. Rodent communities zone reindeer husbandry. Ecosystem degradation restoration Summer farming subalpine forest. Effect enhancement willow (Salix spp.) eroded soils Pollution-induced changes Climate change impacts ecosystems. Regeneration dominant after short-term pedestrian trampling communities. People birch: Sami perception environment sustainability. ecosystems conceptual overview.