Moose Alces alces behaviour related to human activity

摘要: The spatiotemporal dynamics of human activity requires a better understanding the ecological effects on wildlife. This thesis focuses behavioural response harvested species, moose (Alces alces), to dynamic activities e.g. hunting and recreation, static influences like roads, using experimental descriptive approaches. Potentially lethal (hunting) non-lethal (hiking, snowmobiling) provoked short-lived increases in movement caused spatial displacement. data suggests uniform towards unexpected disturbance that are sensitive proximity. Hunting clearly strongest response. Moose approached by dog commonly fled, suggesting adjustments anti-predator behaviour non-native predator. may lead predator facilitation where wolves predation co-exist, because moose’s one possibly risk other. Unexpectedly, hiking motor-driven (snowmobiling) recreational comparable change behaviour. indicates rather minor impact total energy budget from single disturbance. seldom crossed but did increasingly so during migration. Road-crossing sites were aggregated, well established travel routes corridors for migratory moose. not cross roads more often season. In general, little utilized habitats proximity roads. Moose-vehicle collisions occur when most My results suggest higher safety times poor visibility close urban areas, necessarily vicinity forests. For wildlife subject intensive harvest proximity, I emphasize need include animal behavioural, landscape ecological, political as socio-economical aspects future research concerning human-wildlife interactions. also recommend combine active tracking sensors such GPS-collars together with collision improve conclusions about traffic zones.