Environmental stimuli improve learning capability in striped knifejaw juveniles: the stage-specific effect of environmental enrichment and the comparison between wild and hatchery-reared fish

摘要: Hatchery-reared fish often show different behavioral traits from their wild counterparts, possibly due to the lack of environmental stimuli. Here, we aimed to reveal the stage-specific effect of environmental stimuli on the development of learning capability in striped knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus. The fish were raised for 15 days (50–65 days post-hatch) or 30 days (50–80 or 90–120 days post-hatch) in either conventional rearing tanks (control) or in a structurally enriched tank containing bricks, artificial sea grass, and plastic pipes (enriched …