Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant

摘要: We present observations of 10 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) between 0.16 0) and a current acceleration the expansion (i.e., q_0 0, spectroscopically confirmed SNe are consistent with 0 at 3.0 sigma 4.0 confidence levels, for two fitting methods respectively. Fixing ``minimal'' mass density, Omega_M=0.2, results in weakest detection, Omega_Lambda>0 level. For flat-Universe prior (Omega_M+Omega_Lambda=1), require Omega_Lambda >0 7 9 level methods. A Universe closed by ordinary matter Omega_M=1) is ruled out to 8 estimate size systematic errors, including evolution, extinction, sample selection bias, local flows, gravitational lensing, contamination. Presently, none these effects reconciles data Omega_Lambda=0 > 0.