The ecology of tularaemia.

摘要: Tularaemia, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis McCoy, 1912, is reported from North America, Europe and northern parts of Asia, but not Southern Hemisphere. Two subspecies F. are recognised: highly virulent type A milder B, with additional subdivisions reported. Tularaemia has been in more than 250 animal species including man, other mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, arthropods protozoa. Type to have terrestrial cycle main reservoirs being cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) ticks. B mainly water-borne aquatic rodents as reservoirs, e.g. muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) beaver (Castor canadensis) ground voles (Arvicola terrestris) former Soviet Union. In Europe, tularaemia most frequently seen hares (Lepus although probably do constitute reservoir for disease. transmitted direct contact infected animals, through contaminated water or food, vectors such mosquitoes The normally occurs an epidemic, both man depending on types involved means transmission at different times year.