TRANSGENIC PLANTS EXPRESSING INSECT RESISTANCE GENES

摘要: Since first transgenic plant resistant to insects was produced some 20 years ago, a number of novel resistance genes from different origin were discovered and used for transformation. First insect contained cry (Bt) gene bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. In the middle 1990's maize and, time latter, cotton having stared be commercially. European Union several events conferring either corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) or western rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte) have been approved food feed, cultivation as well. Several other stacked two more herbicide tolerance also approved. Very effective insecticidal named vip, originating species (B. thuringiensis B. cereus) are very close commercial exploitation. Promising results obtained when like those enzyme cholesterol oxidase (microbial origin), avidin (from chicken egg white), chitinase neuropeptides (insect origin) transformation confer resistance. Plants naturally produce secondary metabolites that, if expression level antimetabolites is high enough, adversely affect insects. A pest insect, in order able feed on species, had develop certain that specific produces. However, driven by strong promoters enabled development plants before easily fed species. Genes three groups protein this purpose: (i) proteinase inhibitors, (ii)  -amylase inhibitors (iii) lectins. While single quite narrow spectrum activity, lectins showed activity orders insects, even sap-sucking belonging Homoptera. Breeding new cultivars pests should continued, special efforts made production will hinder recombinantly- expressed toxins. Possible way achieve stacking with mode action into same plant. Refuge strategy diminishes Bt toxins has carried out consistently.