Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections

摘要: BACKGROUND: Cranberries have been used widely for several decades the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This is third update our review first published in 1998 updated 2004 2008. OBJECTIVES: To assess effectiveness cranberry products preventing UTIs susceptible populations. METHODS: Search methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials (CENTRAL The Library) Internet. contacted companies involved with promotion distribution preparations checked reference lists articles relevant studies. Date search: July 2012. Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs UTIs. Data collection analysis: Two authors independently assessed extracted data. Information was collected on methods, participants, interventions outcomes (incidence symptomatic UTIs, positive culture results, side effects, adherence to therapy). Risk ratios (RR) were calculated where appropriate, otherwise a narrative synthesis undertaken. Quality using risk bias assessment tool. MAIN RESULTS: includes total 24 studies (six cross-over studies, 11 parallel group two arms; five three arms, factorial design) 4473 participants. Ten included 2008 update, 14 added this update. Thirteen (2380 participants) evaluated only juice/concentrate; nine (1032 tablets/capsules; one study compared juice tablets; capsules tablets. comparison/control arms placebo, no treatment, water, methenamine hippurate, antibiotics, lactobacillus. Eleven not meta-analyses because either design data reported separately phase, there lack showed that, water did significantly reduce occurrence UTI overall (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71 1.04) any subgroups: women recurrent 0.74, 0.42 1.31); older people 0.75, 0.39 1.44); pregnant 1.04, 0.97 1.17); children 0.48, 0.19 1.22); cancer patients 1.15 0.75 1.77); neuropathic bladder spinal injury 0.95, CI: 1.20). Overall heterogeneity moderate (I² = 55%). different antibiotics 1.31, 0.85, 2.02) 0.69 0.32 1.51). There significant difference between gastrointestinal adverse effects from product those placebo/no 0.83, 0.31 2.27). Many low compliance high withdrawal/dropout problems which they attributed palatability/acceptability products, primarily juice. Most other (tablets capsules) report how much 'active' ingredient contained, therefore may had enough potency be effective. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Prior current it appeared some evidence that decrease number over 12 month period, particularly addition further suggests less effective than previously indicated. Although small demonstrated benefit statistically differences when results larger included. Cranberry Given large dropouts/withdrawals (mainly acceptability consuming juice, long periods), small, cannot currently recommended Other (such as powders) need quantified standardised methods ensure potency, contain ingredient, before being clinical use.