Meteoric water-basalt interactions. II. A field study in N. E. Iceland

摘要: The compositions of rain, snow, melt, spring and geothermal waters from the rift zone N.E. Iceland can be explained by seaspray addition, chemical fractionation at seawater-air interface, burning fossil fuel, farming activities, purification partial melting snow ice, dissolution basalts buffering alteration minerals. rocks appears to incongruent. During solute acquisition, move through stability fields kaolinite smectite laumontite illite fields. All but four springs are undersaturated with respect calcite. Silica concentrations compatible solubility basaltic glass. reactions reflected in appear have taken place sealed off atmospheric CO2 after initial saturation. The which recharged depleted Mg Ca enriched carbon sulfur primary rocks. Expressions derived relating rates rocks, age groundwaters, physical properties groundwaters mass transfer. characteristic rock particle radii cold water aquifers range 0.2 2 cm crack openings order 0.04 0.4 cm. Using laboratory studies on Icelandic lavas as a guide, residence times estimated 60 days 4 years. average active surface area enclosing 1000 g is 0.6 6 m2 these reacted 0.1 1 same thermal has interacted 100 300 unaltered