Influence of dietary saturated fat content on adiposity, macrophage behavior, inflammation, and metabolism: composition matters

摘要: We examined the effects of three high-fat diets (HFD), differing in percentage total calories from saturated fat (SF) (6%, 12%, and 24%) but identical (40%), on body composition, macrophage behavior, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction mice. Diets were administered for 16 weeks. Body composition metabolism [glucose, insulin, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol (TC)] monthly. Adipose tissue (AT) expression marker genes M1 M2 macrophages inflammatory mediators [Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, suppressor cytokine signaling (SOCS)1, IFN-γ] was measured along with activation nuclear kappa-B (NFκB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38- mitogen-activated protein (MAPK). AT infiltration using immunohistochemistry. Circulating IL-6, adiponectin, leptin also measured. SF content, independent fat, can profoundly affect adiposity, dysfunction. In general, 12%-SF diet, most closely mimicking standard American led to greatest infiltration, insulin resistance (IR), whereas 6%-SF 24%-SF produced lower levels these variables, diet resulting least degree IR highest TC/HDL-C ratio. Macrophage following HFD are heavily influenced by dietary content; however, responses not necessarily proportional percentage.