COMBINED EFFECTS OF METALS; AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION
作者： E.L. Enserink , J.L. Maas-Diepeveen , C.J. Van Leeuwen
DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90043-P
关键词: Daphnia magna 、 Cadmium 、 Cladocera 、 Toxicity 、 Daphnia 、 Toxicology 、 Natural population growth 、 Biology 、 EC50 、 Chronic toxicity
摘要: Abstract Additive joint actions of chemicals should be taken into consideration in the development ecotoxicologically relevant water quality criteria. Existing criteria generally are derived for single chemicals, yet no natural waters exist which only one compound is present. In order to determine action eight metals and evaluate Dutch these metals, chronic toxicity tests were conducted with cohorts populations Daphnia magna. Four types effects distinguished, i.e. survival (LC50), body growth intrinsic rate population increase (rm) from individual daphnids, maximum obtainable yield (EC50) experiments populations. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel zinc tested singly equitoxic mixtures based on LC50 (individual D. magna) or EC50 (populations) metals. The expected toxicities expressed as toxic units (TU) concentration addition. 1.8 1.6 TU respectively, indicating an additive respect well Combined at levels present severely magna caused 50% mortality Salmo gairdneri, latter exposed 60 days during embryo-larval development. Even a reduction concentrations by factor five produced 10% decrease
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