Simulation of equatorial wind field patterns with TAPM during the 1997 haze episode in Peninsular Malaysia

摘要: The large-scale forest fires that occurred during the major El Nino event in 1997 can be counted among worst environmental disasters Southeast Asia. This study investigates atmospheric mesoscale features over Sumatra and Klang Valley Peninsular Malaysia resultant haze episode of September utilizing a limited area three-dimensional meteorological dispersion model, Air Pollution Model (TAPM). Mesoscale would not highlighted by global numerical prediction models, such as daily land sea breeze conditions at selected air pollution stations located near west coast Malaysia, were predicted with an Index Agreement 0.3, which implied moderate conformity between observed values. Tracer analysis particles location Straits Malacca verified existence landward shoreward movement simulation low-level wind field. pollutants from burning areas neighbouring just across straits transported towards valley daytime seawards nighttime, highlighting recirculation aged newer seven days (13–18 September) model simulation. presence central Main Range east to certain extent further eastward particles. Near calm low levels simulated midnight midday on 14 September, where polluted uncontrolled was confined within Malacca. Turbulence planetary boundary layer terms total kinetic energy found weak 15 congruent strength level winds reduced ability transport period severe smoke haze. Statistical evaluation showed parameters systematic RMSE (root mean square error) unsystematic for zonal component slightly higher than meridional one, indicating errors Otherwise, equatorial speed temperature successfully comparatively high correlation coefficients, lower RMSEs moderately indices agreement