High Influenza A Virus Infection Rates in Mallards Bred for Hunting in the Camargue, South of France

摘要: During the last decade, role of wildlife in emerging pathogen transmission to domestic animals has often been pointed out. Conversely, far less attention paid from wildlife. Here, we focus on case game restocking, which implies release millions worldwide each year. We conducted a 2-year study Camargue (Southern France) investigate influence hand-reared Mallard releases avian influenza virus dynamics surrounding sampled Mallards (cloacal swabs) several duck facilities 2009 and 2010 before their release. A very high (99%) infection rate caused by an H10N7 strain was detected bird facility 2009. did not detect this shot ducks sampled, neither during 2008/2009 nor 2009/2010 hunting seasons. In rates ranged 0 24% ducks. The fully sequenced. It results multiple reassortment events between Eurasian low pathogenic strains. Interestingly, strains had previously human infections Egypt Australia. H10 N7 segments sequenced were clearly distinct Australian ones but they belonged same large cluster as Egyptian ones. observe any mutation linked increased virulence, mammals, or antiviral resistance identified. Our indicate that potential epizootics must be taken into account given likely risk viral exchange wild habitats, owing rearing conditions. Measures implemented limit well measures control need equally reinforced.