RPS4Y gene family evolution in primates

摘要: The RPS4 gene codifies for ribosomal protein S4, a very well-conserved present in all kingdoms. In primates, is codified by two functional genes located on both sex chromosomes: the RPS4X and RPS4Y genes. humans, duplicated Y chromosome therefore carries third paralog: RPS4Y2, which presents testis-specific expression pattern. DNA sequence analysis of intronic cDNA regions from species covering entire primate phylogeny showed that duplication event leading to second Y-linked copy occurred after divergence New World monkeys, about 35 million years ago. Maximum likelihood analyses synonymous non-synonymous substitutions revealed positive selection was acting RPS4Y2 human lineage, represents first evidence gene. Putative amino acid replacements affected three domains protein: one these changes KOW domain affects unique invariable position this motif, might thus have dramatic effect function. Here, we shed new light evolutionary history family, especially RPS4Y2. results point RPS4Y1 be maintained compensate dosage between sexes, while acquired function, at least lineage humans.