Air pollution distribution patterns in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California: a 40-year perspective.
作者： Andrzej Bytnerowicz , Michael Arbaugh , Susan Schilling , Witold Fraczek , Diane Alexander
DOI: 10.1100/TSW.2007.57
关键词: Environmental science 、 Air pollution 、 Range (biology) 、 Meteorology 、 Animal science 、 Deposition (aerosol physics) 、 Pollutant 、 Bark beetle 、 Ozone 、 Nitrogen
摘要: Since the mid-1950s, native pines in San Bernardino Mountains (SBM) southern California have shown symptoms of decline. Initial studies 1963 showed that ozone (O3) generated upwind Los Angeles Basin was responsible for injury and decline sensitive trees. Ambient O3 decreased significantly by mid-1990s, resulting improved tree growth. Increased growth trees may also be attributed to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. most N deposition mixed conifer forest stands SBM results from dry nitric acid vapor (HNO3) ammonia (NH3), characterization spatial temporal distribution these two pollutants has become essential. Although maximum daytime concentrations over last 40 years (~3-fold), seasonal means been reduced much less (~1.5-fold), with 2-week long occasionally exceeding 100 ppb western part range. In same area, HNO3 NH3, up 17.5 18.5 μg/m3 as averages, respectively, determined. Elevated levels increased together long-term drought predispose forests massive bark beetle attacks making them susceptible catastrophic fires.
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