Individual differences in responsiveness to oral sensations and odours with chemesthetic activity: Relationships between sensory modalities and impact on the hedonic response

摘要: Abstract Independent sensory modalities are related and showed covariations in prior literature. However, little is known on the relationship between oral sensations nasal chemesthesis. This large-scale study aims (I.) to test hypothesis that response stimuli responsiveness odours with chemesthetic activity; (II.) explore implications of these relationships liking. Oral olfactory 2205 Italians (18–65 years, men = 41%) were evaluated. Intensities tastes, astringency pungency collected water solutions four foods modulated for target sensations. Responses bitterness 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) was measured. Odour intensity irritation assessed three pure odorants (L-Menthol, trans-anethole, (+)-α-Terpineol) stimulating chemesthesis (respectively: TRPM8, TRPA1, TRPA1). Liking Specific indices developed each sensation. Three clusters identified based taste responses (Cl1, Cl2, Cl3). Cl1 (38%) most responsive astringency, pungency, PROP odours’ irritation. hyper-responsive cluster highest hedonic variation (the span liking ratings varied tastant concentrations). Cl2 (24%) intermediate (apart sourness) Cl3 least responsive. did not differ (neither perceived nor irritation). All correlated but cross-correlations higher when same peripherical areas (oral vs more than nasal). Results corroborate idea an overall high ‘sensory responsiveness’ covering different modalities. Practical less subjects might require greater modifications products formulations modify their