Environmental and ecological conditions at Arctic breeding sites have limited effects on true survival rates of adult shorebirds

摘要: ABSTRACT Many Arctic shorebird populations are declining, and quantifying adult survival the effects of anthropogenic factors is a crucial step toward better understanding population dynamics. We used recently developed, spatially explicit Cormack–Jolly–Seber model in Bayesian framework to obtain broad-scale estimates true annual rates for 6 species shorebirds at 9 breeding sites across North American 2010–2014. tested environmental ecological variables, study site, nest fate, sex on each framework, which allowed us distinguish between variables site fidelity versus survival. Our analysis produced that were substantially higher than previously published apparent most species, ranging from S = 0.72 0.98 5 species. However, was lower arcticola subspecies ...