Organotypic cell cultures and two-photon imaging: Tools for in vitro and in vivo assessment of percutaneous drug delivery and skin toxicity

摘要: The outermost protective layer of the skin, stratum corneum, is responsible for skin impermeability toward external medications and potentially harmful chemicals. Stratum corneum target physical chemical approaches to enhance drug permeation. These are commonly investigated in field delivery, but absorption enhancement often linked with local toxicity. In this review we discussing two emerging technologies studies skin: organotypic cell cultures non-invasive two-photon microscopic imaging. Even though several culture based ‘skin equivalents’ have been introduced validated irritation testing, they usually leaky inadequately characterized terms Rat epidermal model (ROC) has thoroughly it shows comparable barrier properties human thereby being useful permeation toxicity studies. vitro vivo visualizations permeants structures now feasible due rapid development microscopy that allows improved depth scanning direct visualization permeating compounds adverse reactions structures. summary, new tools percutaneous delivery will provide insights process may facilitate effective safe transdermal methods.