Immunotoxicity Testing: Implementation of Mechanistic Understanding, Key Pathways of Toxicological Concern, and Components of These Pathways

摘要: At present, several animal-based assays are used to assess immunotoxic effects such as immunosuppression and sensitization. Growing societal ethical concerns, European legislation, current research demands by industry driving toxicity testing towards new animal-free strategies. There is a growing belief that non-animal approaches can assure human safety, provided biological markers available identify the potentials of chemicals which humans exposed. The understanding immune system be target many chemicals, resulting in range adverse on host’s health, has raised serious concerns from public within regulatory agencies. Hypersensitivity considered primary focus for developing vitro methods immunotoxicology. However, detect immunostimulation autoimmunity also needed. Reviews state art field immunotoxicity reveal limited number cell-based predicting xenobiotics toward system. The objective this chapter review progress been made mechanisms key outcome pathways their components involved responses toxicant exposure, application test development hazard prediction xenobiotics.