Peripheral Mechanisms Contributing to Spasticity and Implications for Treatment

摘要: Histolopathological studies have demonstrated a generalized increase in extracellular connective tissue spastic muscles. It is known that increased an immobilized and contracted muscle reduces its compliance could reduce the threshold for stimulation of spindle receptors muscle. Various authors investigated how stretch-induced spindles muscles with stiffer can contribute to spasticity. In this review, we compile evidence idea primary injury central nervous system leads paresis also triggers changes viscosity matrix due abnormal turnover hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid complex molecule exhibits non-Newtonian behavior at higher concentrations, leading altered viscosity, which begins vicious circle exacerbates spasticity through reduced potentiation reflex mechanisms fibrosis, contributes limb posturing, pain symptoms, decreases activities daily living. The rationale emerging treatments break are discussed.