REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY AND CARBON FLUX FROM WILDFIRES IN BRAZIL

摘要: Temperature, intensity, spread, and dimensions of fires burning in tropical savanna slashed forest central Brazil were measured for the first time by remote sensing with an infrared imaging spectrometer that was designed to accommodate high radiances wildland fires. Furthermore, situ airborne measurements sensible heat carbon fluxes fire plumes combined flame properties provide consistent remote-sensing-based estimators these fluxes. These a means determine rates fuel consumption emission atmosphere as required assessments impacts on regional air pollution or global emissions greenhouse gases. Observed developed complex fire-line geometry thermal structure, even average whole-fire temperatures varied little. Flame sometimes exceeded 1600 K along leading edge actively spreading lines, yet >90% radiant energy from observed associated 830–1440 K. Fire partially encompassed high-intensity flaming front trailing reach residual combustion extending 400 m. fronts typically formed little depth proportion their flux density due low levels combustion. Measured had such variable radiance compared blackbody comparable temperature preclude use at single wavelength measure intensity temperature. One-half values emissivity–fractional-area parameter <0.091 m2/m2; slash this fraction <0.37 m2/m2. Observations reported here show be so dynamic require frequent high-resolution over course duration order specify effects environment; understanding may large sample individual