Parliamentary Party Groups in European Democracies : Political Parties Behind Closed Doors

摘要: Introduction: representative democracy and parliamentary party groups Knut Heidar Ruud Koole Chapter 1. Approaches to the study of 2. Bureaucratisation, co-ordination competition: in German Bundestag Thomas Saalfeld 3. The United Kingdom: exerting influence from within Philip Norton 4. Parliamentary parties French fifth republic Jean-Louis Thiebault Bernard Dolez 5. Not yet locus power: Austria Wolfgang C. Muller Barbara Steininger 6. Fractiocracy? Limits ascendancy group Dutch politics 7. PPGs Belgium: subjects partititocratic dominion Lieven de Winter Patrick Dumont 8. A power centre Danish Lars Bille 9. Swedish Riksdag Magnus Hagevi 10. partyness Finnish Eduskunta Matti Wiberg 11. limits whips watchdogs Czech Republic Petr Kopecky 12. Slovakia Darina Malova Kevin Deegan Krause 13. Parties making: Hungary 1989-1997 Gabriella Ilonszki 14. Second-rate parties? Towards a better understanding European parliament's Tapio Raunio 15. compared