Novel agents for the prevention of breast cancer: Targeting transcription factors and signal transduction pathways

摘要: Transformation of breast cells occurs through loss or mutation tumor suppressor genes, activation amplification oncogenes, leading to deregulation signal transduction pathways, abnormal growth signals, and aberrant expression genes that ultimately transform the into invasive cancer. The goal cancer preventive therapy, “chemoprevention,” is eliminate premalignant block progression normal Multiple alterations in pathways transcription factors are observed mammary gland tumorigenesis. In particular, estrogen receptor (ER) plays a critical role development progress, targeting ER with selective modulators (SERMs) has achieved significant reduction incidence women at high risk for However, not all prevented by SERMs, because 30‐40% tumors ER-negative. Other receptors retinoids, vitamin D analogs peroxisome proliferator‐activiator, along such as AP-1, NF-•B, STATs (signal transducers activators transcription) affect This also true example cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), HER2/neu, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K/Akt. Therefore, proteins altered during process tumorigenesis may be promising targets future chemopreventive drugs. Many newly-developed synthetic natural compounds/agents now under testing preclinical studies clinical trials. Receptor tyrosine inhibitors (TKIs), Cox-2 inhibitors, others some novel agents prevention activity these other discussed this chapter.