EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITYON BREEDING BALD EAGLES

摘要: To assess the consequences of increased recreational activity in wilderness areas, we studied effects human on breeding behavior Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) interior Alaska. Activity budgets eagles changed considerably when humans were camped for 24 h at a distance 100 m from nests (treatment) compared to they 500 (control) (P = 0.0036). With near nests, adult decreased time preened (percentage change control treatment −53%), slept (−56%), maintained (−50%), and fed themselves their nestlings (−30%) brooded (+14%). Further, overall (total number behaviors performed by adults per day) 27% with as did amount prey consumed (−26%) (−29%). In contrast, nest attendance not 0.3%, P 0.9); however, w...