Low temperature additive manufacturing of three dimensional scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering applications: Processing related challenges and property assessment

摘要: Abstract In the last two decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has made significant progress towards fabrication of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs. One direction research is focused on development mechanically stable implants with patient-specific size/shape another been to fabricate tissue-engineered scaffolds designed porous architecture facilitate vascularization. Among AM techniques, three dimensional powder printing (3DPP) suitable for bone related prosthetic devices, while plotting (3DPL) based extrusion biopolymers create artificial tissues. present review, we aim develop a better understanding science aspects these low temperature techniques (3DPP 3DPL) in context bone-tissue applications. While recognizing multiple property requirements 3D scaffold, central theme discuss critical roles played by binder properties together interplay among processing parameters physics binder-material interaction predefined having structural complexity. An effort also exerted existing challenges translate design concepts material/binder formulations implantable more emphasis bioceramics biopolymers. Summarizing, this review highlights need adopt intelligent approaches targeted application-specific biocompatibility characterization, fabricating biologically functionalized equivalents.