Health Hazards Associated With Alcohol Consumption

摘要: Ethanol is a drug that classified as general CNS depressant. Long-term exposure can result in tolerance and physical dependence. consumption affect the pharmacologic therapeutic actions of prescription drugs, over-the-counter illicit drugs. Ethanol-drug interactions have been reported to be most frequent cause drug-related medical crises United States. Alcohol misuse has pervasive potentially detrimental effect on body from its point entry through gastrointestinal tract, related organs such liver pancreas. The one significantly damaged physiologically deranged alcohol ingestion. two common hepatic complications alcoholism are hepatitis cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was seventh death States 1975. abuse interacts with physiological metabolic processes digestion contribute nutrient deficiency. suggested vitamin trace element deficiency adults Alcohol-derived nutritional deficiencies suboptimal health contributory abnormalities anemia, convulsions, small-bowel dysfunction, overt disorders Wernicke's encephalopathy. Brain dysfunction estimated present 50% 70% detoxified alcoholics entering treatment. Abstracting adaptive abilities social drinkers who had consumed no for 24 hours at time testing were found negatively associated amount normally per drinking occasion. alters numerous functions endocrine system, excessive implicated impotency early onset postmenopausal amenorrhea. Recent evidence suggests may multifactorial genetically influenced disorder. In addition genetics, environmental influences play significant roles. There an association between depression both men women. Alcoholics often high levels itself increase depression. A disproportionately number people problems commit suicide, more than third suicides involve alcohol. propensity suicide thought certain alcohol-related conditions depression, anxiety, mood fluctuations, deteriorated integration. Alcoholism adverse effects cardiovascular including specific cardiomyopathy, low mean cardiac output, depressed myocardial contractility. large amounts increases blood pressure. Noncardiac myopathy also consumption. Heavy risk cancer developing tongue, mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, esophagus, larynx, liver. States, these sites represent 6.1% 9.1% all white population 11.3% 12.5% black population. broadest scope, appears factor fetal outcome. Fetal syndrome (FAS) identified among some children alcoholic characterized by growth deficiency, cluster facial abnormalities, other malformations, particularly skeletal, urogenital, cardiac. It FAS leading causes birth defects mental retardetion. Short full complement characterize FAS, heavy use women anomalies. These independent likely confounding variables, smoking. Decreased weight frequently increased neonatal observed consume average 30 mL absolute day (two standard drinks). Teratogenesis noted studies using alcohol-consuming animal models whom human condition mimicked. Laboratory experiments impairs performance sensory-motor cognitive tasks 40 mg/dL. Such acute hazards require For example, traffic fatalities related; industrial accidents, drownings, burns, falls attributed drinking; relatively involvement assault, rape, child neglect, molestation, family violence general. ( JAMA 1981;246:648-666)