Proteoglycans regulate autophagy via outside-in signaling: an emerging new concept.

摘要: The importance of proteoglycans as regulators key cellular processes such angiogenesis, adhesion, and inflammation has long been appreciated. However, a new era appears to be dawning for the role in regulation autophagy, homeostatic mechanism whereby organelles other cytoplasmic contents are degraded recycled via lysosomal processing [1]. Depending on context, autophagy regarded either cell-survival or cell-death pathway. For example, following starvation, cell will undergo order break down components re-utilization, allowing survive under nutrient-poor conditions [2]. In contrast, when programmed death pathways impaired, may substitute apoptosis leading [3,4]. While basal is required normal maintenance contributes standard signaling, aberrant implicated range disease including diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders [5–8]. setting cancer, function difficult discern. Where some studies indicate that beneficial tumor survival [9,10], others suggest self-degradative process prevent growth during early stages tumorigenesis by shielding healthy cells from damage due protein aggregation build-up by-products metabolic turnover [5,11]. complexity this pathway lends itself scrutiny gain better understanding its well overall signaling disease. Recent illustrate select matrix constituents dynamically contribute autophagic [12–19]. commentary we consider noteworthy three process: 1) small leucine-rich proteoglycan, decorin, 2) basement membrane heparan sulfate perlecan, 3) C-terminal fragment endorepellin.