Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Pathway in Relation to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: Application to Biomarkers

摘要: Vitamin D deficiency has become a globally acknowledged problem whose impact on societies proven to surpass all medical expectations. is no longer peerlessly associated with bone diseases. In fact, collaborations of M.A. Abu el Maaty (*) Institute Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: abu.el.maaty@gmail.com; abdelgawad@stud.uni-heidelberg.de S.I. Hassanein Biochemistry Department, Faculty German University in Cairo (GUC), New City, Egypt Sally.ibrahim@guc.edu.eg; sallyibrahim2005@gmail.com M.Z. Gad Division Governorate, Mohamed.gad@guc.edu.eg # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 V.B. Patel, V.R. Preedy (eds.), Biomarkers Cardiovascular Disease, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7741-5_23-1 1 clinicians researchers have yielded the undeniable truth, that is, affiliation this unconventional vitamin diseases are currently grasping media’s attention like autoimmune cancers. Having established importance phenomenon, assuming complete understanding association one leading causes death world, cardiovascular disease, only mildly precise. Observational studies tend highlight low levels various forms disease as well risk factors associated, whereas interventional been conflicting. Nonetheless, vitro identified presence nuclear receptors system cells such cardiomyocytes endothelial cells, thereby warranting actions. Moreover, recent demonstrated ability beneficially modulate effectors reninangiotensin-aldosterone nitric oxide system. While there appears be abundance number publications epidemiological mechanistic aiming investigate genetic component relationship sparse. Recent genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genes encoding proteins involved pathway, whether synthesis, metabolism, or elimination, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D], biomarker status, thus it conceptualized SNPs may act novel markers for since 25(OH)D. Several investigated hypothesis, yielding both positive negative associations, highlighting need further investigations into proposed triangular relationships between SNPs, 25(OH)D levels, which would spawn sound evidence prompting discouraging professionals extrapolate findings clinical testing.