Update of human and mouse forkhead box (FOX) gene families.

摘要: The forkhead box (FOX) proteins are transcription factors that play complex and important roles in processes from development organogenesis to regulation of metabolism the immune system. There 50 FOX genes human genome 44 mouse, divided into 19 subfamilies. All have close mouse orthologues, with one exception: has a single Foxd4, whereas gene undergone recent duplication total seven (FOXD4 FOXD4L1 → FOXD4L6). Evolutionarily ancient family members can be found as far back fungi metazoans. DNA-binding domain, is an example winged-helix very well conserved across species, few notable exceptions which divergence created new functionality. Mutations been implicated at least four familial diseases, differential expression may role number other pathologies -- ranging metabolic disorders autoimmunity. Furthermore, differentially expressed large cancers; their either oncogene or tumour suppressor, depending on member cell type. Although some drugs target activity, notably proteasome inhibitors, appear work well, much more basic research needed unlock interplay upstream downstream interactions factors.