Catalysis: The Key to Waste Minimization *

摘要: The drive towards greater economic and environmental efficiency in chemicals manufacture has led to a growing need for processes that produce minimal waste avoid, as much possible, the use of toxic and/or hazardous reagents solvents. This reassessment many existing technologies. Alternative particular products are compared on basis their atom utilization E factor (kg byproduct per kg product). high-atom utilization, low-salt catalytic clean alternatives conventional technologies fine is discussed. In oxidations carbonylations highlighted using citral, caprolactam, paracetamol, ibuprofen methylmethacrylate commercially relevant examples. question catalyst recovery recycling also addressed, e.g. with redox molecular sieves solid catalysts liquid phase water-soluble palladium(0)trisulfonated triphenylphosphine complex, carbonylation aqueous media. © 1997 SCI.