The genetic prehistory of domesticated cattle from their origin to the spread across Europe

摘要: Cattle domestication started in the 9th millennium BC Southwest Asia. Domesticated cattle were then introduced into Europe during Neolithic transition. However, scarcity of palaeogenetic data from first European domesticated still inhibits accurate reconstruction their early demography. In this study, mitochondrial DNA 193 ancient and 597 modern (Bos taurus) sites across Europe, Western Anatolia Iran analysed to provide insight dispersal process role local aurochs population domestication. Using descriptive summary statistics serial coalescent simulations paired with approximate Bayesian computation we find: (i) decreasing genetic diversity a southeast northwest direction, (ii) strong correlation geographical distances, iii) an estimated effective size Near Eastern female founder 81, iv) that expansion East does not appear constitute significant bottleneck, v) there is evidence for gene-flow between Eastern/Anatolian populations phases Neolithic, but it restricted after 5,000 BCE. The most plausible scenario explain these results single regionally subsequent migration transition without maternal interbreeding endogenous wild stock. Evidence Southwestern Asia earlier points towards intercontinental trade connections farmers.