A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia

摘要: The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 (speakers Pama–Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan Australian ancestors diversified 25–40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting pre-Holocene structure in ancient continent Sahul (Australia, Tasmania). However, all studied descend a single founding differentiated ~10–32 kya. infer expansion northeast Australia during Holocene epoch (past 10,000 years) associated with limited gene flow this region to rest Australia, consistent spread languages. estimate diverged Eurasians 51–72 kya, following out-of-Africa dispersal, subsequently admixed archaic populations. Finally, report evidence selection potentially living desert.