Towards an integrated environmental risk assessment of emissions from ships' propulsion systems.

摘要: Large ships, particularly container tankers, bulk carriers and cruise ships are significant individual contributors to air pollution. The European Environment Agency recognizes that pollution in Europe is a local, regional transborder problem caused by the emission of specific pollutants, which either directly or through chemical reactions lead negative impacts, such as damage human health ecosystems. In Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC Parliament emissions from mentioned explicitly list pressures impacts should be reduced minimized maintain obtain good ecological status. While SOx NOx contribute mainly ocean soil acidification climate change, PM (particularly ultrafine particles range nanoparticles) has potential act more on ecosystem health. Thus, terms risk assessment, one most dangerous atmospheric aerosols for environmental size nanoparticles. To our knowledge, no study been carried out effects fraction ends up water column aquatic sediment-dwelling organisms exposed. Therefore, an integrated assessment oceangoing including compartment necessary. Research focus quantitative qualitative determination pollutant their distribution fate. This will include situ measurement order derive realistic factors, application oceanographic transportation chemistry models.