Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean

摘要: The atmosphere overlying the ocean is very sensitive—physically, chemically and climatically—to air pollution. Given that clouds over are of great climatic significance, sulphate aerosols seem to be an important control on marine cloud formation1, anthropogenic inputs could exert influence climate. Recently, sulphur emissions from fossil fuel burning by international shipping have been geographically characterized2, indicating ship nearly equal natural flux in many areas3. Here we use a global chemical transport model show these can dominant contributor atmospheric dioxide concentrations much world's oceans several coastal regions. also contribute significantly non-seasalt Northern Hemisphere regions parts Southern Pacific Ocean, indirect radiative forcing due ship-emitted particulate matter (sulphate plus organic material) estimated substantial fraction perturbation Earth's radiation budget. quantification forces re-evaluation our present understanding cycling ocean.