3 The Genetics of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The provides an overview on (NIDDM), which is a genetically heterogeneous disorder glucose homeostasis and affects approximately 5% people in Westernized countries. A variety biochemical abnormalities have been identified NIDDM, relative contribution these different physiologic or cellular defects differ among patient groups. Acquired factors—such as obesity sedentary life style—may be additive, but insulin resistance considered to primary inherited component disease. concept comes from number studies, all demonstrating that prediabetic patients are characterized by with normal hepatic metabolism P-cell function many years prior development NIDDM. Following transition compensated state frank at least three pathophysiologic changes can observed. First, there marked decrease secretion. Second, metabolic abnormality occurs liver. Patients impaired tolerance (IGT) basal rates production, whereas fasting hyperglycemia increased rates. Third, following NIDDM worsening insulin-resistant state. Whether this increment secondary toxicity other acquired factors remains determined.